Modern Storage Device or Data Storage Devices of 2023.
HDD or Hard Disk Drive or HD Drive or Hard Disk
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| Hard Disk Internal Structure |
Hard Disk Drive or HDD was firstly introduced in 1959. At that time it was manufactured for enterprises only. Later on it was available in market for consumers as essential part of personal computer desktop and laptops.
Category of Storage Device
It falls in magnetic disk category of Storage Devices. It use magnetic disk technology to read or write data.
Use of Hard Disk Drive
Other than Personal Computer Hard Disk Drive is used in workstations, mainframe, servers and in supercomputer.
Types of Hard Disk Drive
There are two main types of hard disk drive but their internal structure and technology is same.
Internal Hard Disk Drive or Fixed HDD
It usually used in Desktops, Laptops, Servers and Workstations. Internal Hard Disk Drive also used to back up the valuable data.
External Hard Disk Drive or External HDD
External HDD is very popular and used widely due to its portability. Here below is the picture of socket that is available in market to use common Internal Hard Disk Drive externally.
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| Convert Internal HDD to External HDD |
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| External Hard Disk |
Hard Disk Companies
- Seagate
- Western Digital
- Samsung
- HP
- Toshiba
- Sony
- Hitachi
- Transcend
- Quantum
- Maxtor
Major Hard Disk Companies
About 70 percent market share of hard disk drives have three main manufacturers Seagate, Samsung and Western Digital.
Storage Capacity of Hard Disk Drive
Storage capacity of HDD start from 3.75MB and recently in 2023 has reached 22TB= 22528GB=23068672MB=23622320128KB and it is 6.15 million times greater than first one 1959. Note that 22.5 thousand GB=230 million MB=236 billion KB.
First Hard Disk Drive
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| First HDD invented in 1959 |
It was manufactured in 1959 for enterprise. It's storage capacity is only 3.75 MB. It had very very large size so that we put it on bed. First Hard Disk Drive Drive has weight 910 kg. It's price was nearly 30000 USD. First Hard Disk Drive had access time to read or write data 600 millisecond and it had life span only 3 months.
Latest Hard Disk Drive in 2023
Most recently manufactured Hard Disk Drive for enterprises has capacity of 22TB= 22528GB=23068672MB=23622320128KB while size and weight is reduce so much we lift up it easily. Its lifespan increase to 285 years. Size less than one cubic feet and weight less than one kg.
Technical informations about HDD
Other than capacity and size we should note ACCESS TIME, Transfer Rate, Reading Time, Writing time R/W Cycles and lifespan. These factors decide the performance and price of Hard Disk Drive.
SSD or Solid State Drive
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| Difference between HDD and SSD |
Solid State Drive was invented in 1990 and came into market in the year of 1991. At that time its capacity is only 20MB. Later in 2007 when Samsung launched Solid State Drive that has sequential reading speed 49MB/second.
Category of Storage
Obviously it falls in category of Solid State Storage Devices which use Semiconductor technology to store read or write data.
Capacity of SSD
Now in 2023 its capacity reaches 100TB=102400GB=104857600MB=107374182400KB (107 billion K) for Enterprise while for consumers maximum SSD capacity is 15.3TB=15667GB=16043212MB=16428249907KB.
Companies of SSD
- Samsung
- Western Digital
- SanDisk
- Cruical
- Intel
- Seagate
- Adata
- SK Hynik
- Fusion i.o
- Toshiba
- Sabrent
- HGST
- PNY
- Kingston
- IBM
Major Companies of SSD
- Samsung
- Western Digital
- SanDisk
- Cruical
Uses of SSD
SSDs are used in personal computers desktop, laptops, servers, workstations and mainframes.
Types of SSD
Internal SSD
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| Internal SSD and its Structure |
External SSD
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| Samsung External SSD |
Advantages of SSD
Faster read/Write speed
Quick Boot Time
Light weight
Less size
Low power consumption
Durable
Quieter no noise
Disadvantages of SSD
Modern technology not proven as HDD.
First SSD
Latest SSD
Sequential reading speed 7GB/second, Sequential writing speed 4.4 GB/second Access time is 0.045 millisecond. Capacity 15.3 GB. IOPS is 0.7 million/second.
For Enterprise SSD sequential reading speed is . Sequential writing speed is . Capacity 100TB. IOPS is 25 million/second.
Size of SSD
Technical informations about SSD
Following are factor on which depends the performance of SSD.
Sequential reading speed
Sequential writing speed
Input Output Operations per Second
Access Time
Price of SSD
Lowest Price SSD or Cheapest SSD
Highest Price SSD or Most Expensive SSD
USB Drive or Thumb Drive or USB Flash Drive or Pen Drive or Memory Stick or USB
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| USB Flash Drive |
These are different names of same storage device as in Pakistan called USB, in UK pen drive and in USA memory stick.
Category of Storage
It falls in the category of Solid State Storage Device which use semiconductor technology to store and read write data.
Capacity of USB drive
Till 2023 there are USB Drive of capacity 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB, 64GB, 128GB, 512GB, 1TB are available in market but Commonly available USB Drive for customers are of Capacity 16GB, 32GB, 64GB, 128GB, 256GB while USB Drive of capacity 512GB, 1TB are very rare due to its high cost. Also USB Drive of capacity 2GB, 4GB, 8GB are obsoleted.
Advantages of USB Drives
Highly Portable
Secure due to Third-Party Encryption Software
Personal computer can be Booted through USB Drive as OS installed in it.
Disadvantages of USB Drive
Easily Lost or Stolen
USB Drive Companies
The following are USB Drive manufacturing companies.
SanDisk
Kingston
Samsung
HP
PNY
Lexar
Sony
Transcend
Toshiba
Seagate
Adata
Memory Card or SD Memory Card or SD Card
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| SD Cards or Flash Cards |
SD is an abbreviation of SECURE DIGITAL. Firstly it is introduced in 1999. Very soon it becomes most popular storage device in information and computing industry. Perfessionals as well as common people are using memory cards widely. I think no one who didn't use it in personal computer to store or transfer data.
Size of Memory Card
Memory Cards or SD cards are of 3 sizes.
Standard SD Card
It is introduced in 1999.
MiniSD Card. 
It is introduced in 2003.
It is introduced in 2003.
MicroSD Card
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| SanDisk 16GB MiniSD Card |
Category of Storage
Memory Cards falls in the category of Solid State Storage Device which uses SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY to store, read and write data.
Capacity of Memory Card or Capacity of SD Card
Now in 2023 commonly available SD cards in market for consumers are of size 8GB, 16GB, 32GB, 64GB while 128GB, 256GB, 512GB, 1TB memory cards are very rare and expensive but peoples are using if they are able to buy. Also SD cards of MBs , 1GB, and 2GB are obsoleted.
Note that MB means megabytes, GB means gigabyte while TB means terabytes. 1TB=1024GB=1048576MB=1073741824KB 1GB=1024MB=1048576KB. In common we say 1trillion B= 1TB, 1billion B= 1GB, 1 million B=1 MB (B for bytes).
Best Memory Cards Companies
There are many IT companies in the world which are producing memory cards but the best companies are SanDisk and Kingston. The following lists shows memory card Manufacturing companies.
SanDisk
Kingston
Samsung
Transcend
Sony
Toshiba
HP
Strontium
Lexar
ADATA
Silicon Power
Micron
Teamgroup
Use of Memory Cards
They are widely used in personal computers ( Smartphone, Tablets, laptops, Desktops) , Mobile Phones and digital cameras.
Memory cards technical informations
SD Its Capacity is from 1MB to 2GB. FS (File System) Using this memory card is either FAT12 or FAT16. This tyes of card has two versions one is 1.01 that use DS bus of speed 12.5MB/second while other is 1.10 that use HS bus of speed 25MB/second.
SDHC
Its capacity is from 2GB to 32GB. Usually 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB SDHC Memory Cards are in market. This type of card using file system FAT32. There are seven main versions of SDHC cards. Version 1.01 use DS bus of speed 12.5MB/second. Version 1.10 use HS bus of speed 25MB/second. Version 3.01 uses either UHS-I bus of speed 50MB/second or UHS-I bus of speed 104MB/second. Version 4.00 has either UHS-II bus of speed 156MB/second or UHS-II bus of speed 312MB/second. Version 6.0 has either UHS-III bus of speed 312MB/second or UHS-III bus of speed 624MB/second.
Version 7.0 has Express bus of speed 985MB/second. Version 8.0 has either Express bus of speed 1969MB/second or Express bus of speed 3938MB/second.
SDXC
Its capacity rang is from 32GB to 2TB. But in actually 1 TB Card is manufactured till 2023. SDXC cards of 64GB, 128GB, 256GB, 512 GB and 1 TB are available but 256GB, 512GB, 1TB are very rare and expensive most of peoples cannot afford to buy it. This type of memory card use File System exFAT. There are seven main versions of SDXC cards. Version 1.01 use DS bus of speed 12.5MB/second. Version 1.10 use HS bus of speed 25MB/second. Version 3.01 uses either UHS-I bus of speed 50MB/second or UHS-I bus of speed 104MB/second. Version 4.00 has either UHS-II bus of speed 156MB/second or UHS-II bus of speed 312MB/second. Version 6.0 has either UHS-III bus of speed 312MB/second or UHS-III bus of speed 624MB/second.
Version 7.0 has Express bus of speed 985MB/second. Version 8.0 has either Express bus of speed 1969MB/second or Express bus of speed 3938MB/second.
SDUC
This type of card is not developed or manufactured physically till now 2023. But all theoretical work for this has been completed. According to this work its capacity range from 2TB to 128 TB. SDUC memory card use File System exFAT. There are seven main versions of SDHC cards. Version 1.01 use DS bus of speed 12.5MB/second. Version 1.10 use HS bus of speed 25MB/second. Version 3.01 uses either UHS-I bus of speed 50MB/second or UHS-I bus of speed 104MB/second. Version 4.00 has either UHS-II bus of speed 156MB/second or UHS-II bus of speed 312MB/second. Version 6.0 has either UHS-III bus of speed 312MB/second or UHS-III bus of speed 624MB/second.
Version 7.0 has Express bus of speed 985MB/second. Version 8.0 has either Express bus of speed 1969MB/second or Express bus of speed 3938MB/second.
Price of Memory Card
Memory cards price depends upon type, version, company and country. In Pakistan price of Memory Card is from 200PKR to 65000PKR.
In India price is start from 95 INR and ends 31177 INR. In USA its price is 10 USD to 300 USD.
CD or Compact Disc
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| Phillips CD |
It was the year 1982 when first compact disc or CD made by two Japanese electronic companies with their collaboration and mutual work. These companies are Sony and Philips. October 1982 it was introduced in market for use.
Category of Storage
It falls in Optical Disk category that uses LEASER BEAM TECHNOLOGY to read or write data.
Capacity of CD
Its capacity is 650 MB to 700 MB.
Companies Manufacture CDs
Major Companies make CDs
Uses of CDs
Types of CDs
CD-ROM
CD-RW
Audio CD
Video CD
Super Audio CD
Super Video CD
Picture CD
Photo CD
CD-i
Advantages of CDs
Disadvantages of CDs
Size of CD
Standard CD has a size of 4.7 inches diameter.
MiniCD has a size of 3.1 inches diameter.
Price of CD
Price of CDs is about 200 PKR to 450PKR depend on either CD-ROM or CD-RW. But actually it is costly because of it external CD Driver rather than other Storage.
First CD or First Compact disc
First CD made by Japanese electronic companies Phillips and Sony in 1982. As it had capacity of 650 MB records 72 minutes audio track which is very very large at that time because HDD used in personal computers desktops had capacity of only 10MB. So it is a largest capacity storage device in these days so this revolutionary storage device changed IT and Computing industry. Later on its capacity increases 700MB and records 80 minute audio track.
Latest CD
In 2023 CDs are still using but its usage is being decreased day by day. Now CD-RW is being used that has Maximum price 500 PKR.
CD Drive
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| Internal or Fixed CD Drive for Desktop |
CD Drive is a device attached to computer to read or write data on CDs. Almost all personal computers desktop and laptops which released in last decade of 20th century and first decade of 21th Century had CD Drive internally. These are following types of CD Drive
Internal CD Drive
External CD Drive
Internal CD Drive writer
External CD Drive writer
Technological Information about CDs
DVD or Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc
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| DVD ROM |
It was invented in 1995 by Japanese Companies as they did in case of CDs. It was firstly released or launched on 1 November 1996 in market for consumers.
Category of Storage
It falls in the category of Optical Disc Storage which uses Laser Beam Technology for read or write data.
Capacity of DVD
It has storage capacity range from 1.7GB to 17.08 GB. But Standard DVD has storage capacity 4.7GB.
Types of DVD
DVD-ROM This has prewritten data we can only read it many times.
DVD-R This has blanked when we buy. We can write data only once.
DVD-RW This is also blank we can write data and erase and rewrite many times.
Physical Size of DVD
Standard size of DVD is 4.7 inches diameter.
Companies Manufacture DVDs
DVD invented buy Japanese electronic companies so they manufacture it.
Sony
Phillips
Panasonic
Toshiba
Are the main manufacturer of DVD.
Price of DVD
Although DVD is very cheap but for consumers it is costly because of its DVD Drive while other modern Storage devices has internal drive embedded with storage device.
DVD Drive
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| External DVD Drive |
DVD Drive is input or output device which read or write data from DVD.
Almost all personal computers desktop and laptops have internal DVD Drive last 2 decades. DVD Drive are of following types
Internal DVD Drive
External DVD Drive
Internal DVD writer Drive or DVD Combo Drive
Note that Every DVD Drive also read CD.
پہلی ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو
ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو نصف صدی سے کمپیوٹر کا ایک لازمی حصہ ہے چاہے ڈسک ٹاپ کمپیوٹر ہو لیپ ٹاپ یا پھر سرور ورکسٹیشن وغیرہ کیا یہ ہارڈ ڈسک شروع میں جب بنائی گئی تھی تو اسی طرح تھی ؟ اس کا جواب ہے بلکل بھی نہیں آج سے ساٹھ سال قبل جب پہلی مرتبہ لانچ کی گئی تو اس کا سائز تقریباً 68 کیوبک میٹر تھا اتنی بڑی تھی جسے ایک بڑی الماری اس کو ایک جہاز پر لاد کر لایا گیا
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| پہلی ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو منتقل کرتے ہوئے |
اتنی بڑی ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو میں صرف 20 ایم بی ڈیٹا سٹور کیا جاتا تھا صرف 20 ایم بی
اس کا اندازہ اس بات سے لگائیں کہ آج کل میموری سپاٹ جو چاول کے دانے کے برابر ہے میں بھی اس سے کہیں زیادہ ڈیٹا سما سکتا ہے
ان دنوں یعنی 1959 میں اس کی قیمت 30000 امریکی ڈالر رکھی گئی تھی
اس کے چلنے سے شور پیدا ہوتا تھا یوں گماں ہوتا کہ کوئی بڑی ہیوی مشین چل رہی ہے اس کو چلانے کے لیے بجلی بھی زیادہ درکار ہوتی تھی اس وقت اس کا وزن تقریبا ایک ٹن یعنی 910 کلو گرام تھا
ٹیکنالوجی کے ارتقاء نے دنیا ہی بدل دی
جدید ترین ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو
اس سال 2023 میں جو ہارڈ ڈسک مارکیٹ میں لانچ کی گئی اس کی سٹوریج کپیسٹی 22 ٹیرا بائٹ ہے اس کو اگر جی بی میں تبدیل کریں تو 22488 جی بی بنتی ہے پہلی ہارڈ ڈسک کی کپیسٹی 20 ایم بی تھی تو اس کے مقابلے میں اس جدید ترین ہارڈ ڈسک کی 23068632 ایم بی ہے ماضی کے مقابلے میں گیارہ لاکھ گنا بڑھ گئی ہے اس ہارڈ ڈسک ڈرائیو کا سائز اور وزن اتنا کم ہے ہم اس کو بغیر کسی مشقت کے آسانی سے اٹھا سکتے ہیں وزن گرام میں اور سائز انچ میں آ گیا
Memory Card
آپ میموری کارڈ سے تو واقف ہوں گے اس کا اصل نام ایس ڈی کارڈ ہے ایس ڈی سیکیور ڈیجیٹل کا مخفف ہے شروع میں یہ محض چند ایم بی ڈیٹا سٹور کرتا تھا مگر وقت کے ساتھ ساتھ اس کی ڈیٹا سٹور کرنے کی صلاحیت میں اضافہ ہوتا گیا اور آج 512 جی بی اور ایک ٹیرابائیٹ تک کے کارڈ دستیاب ہیں لیکن ان کی قیمت بہت زیادہ ہے چند لوگ ہی خرید سکتے ہیں جو میموری کارڈ زیادہ فروخت ہو رہے ہیں وہ 64 جی بی 128 جی بی کے ہیں جبکہ پاکستان جیسے ترقی کرتے ہوئے ملک میں 16 جی بی 32جی بی۔ اور 64 جی بی کے کارڈ کنزیومرز کی استعداد کے مطابق ہیں
میموری کارڈ اگر جدید ترین خریدنا چاہتے ہیں تو درج ذیل خصوصیات کا حامل کارڈ طلب کریں
SD XC کارڈ ہو
کارڈ کاورژن 6.0 ہو یا 7.0
کارڈ کی بس کم از کم US ہو یا پھر Express اور ہاں اگر ڈبل میں مل جائے تو بہت خوب ہو گا سنگل بھی کم نہیں پرسنل کمپیوٹرز میں استعمال کے لیے
اور ہاں آخری اہم بات کہ کارڈ کس کمپنی کا لیں تو سب سے بہترین کمپنی تو SanDisk ہے یہ دنیا کی ٹاپ کلاس میموری کارڈ کمپنی ہے اس کے علاؤہ Samsung اور Kingston بھی معیار میں کم نہیں میموری کارڈ کی قیمت جاننے کے لیے اوپر صرف کمپنی نام پر کلک کریں
میموری کارڈ خریدتے وقت اس بات کی تسلی کرلیں کہ آپ اصل کمپنی کا کارڈ خرید رہے ہیں اور یہ کوئی کاپی نہیں پاکستان جیسے ملک میں کاپیاں فورا دستیاب ہو جاتیں ہیں زیادہ سٹوریج کپیسٹی کے کارڈ کی بجائے اچھی خصوصیات والا کارڈ لیں اور کوشش کریں کہ کمپنی کی باقاعدہ ڈیلر یا فرنچائز سے خریدیں۔
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